RED ROSE IS SYMBOL OF LOVE

Cut flowers

Bouquet of pink roses

Roses are a popular crop for both domestic and commercial cut flowers. Generally they are harvested and cut when in bud, and held in refrigerated conditions until ready for display at their point of sale.

In temperate climates, cut roses are often grown in glasshouses, and in warmer countries they may also be grown under cover in order to ensure that the flowers are not damaged by weather and that pests and disease control can be carried out effectively. Significant quantities are grown in some tropical countries, and these are shipped by air to markets across the world.[5]
Perfume

Main article: Rose oil

Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and in religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia then spread through Arabia and India, but nowadays about 70% to 80% of production is in the Rose Valley near Kazanluk in Bulgaria, with some production in Qamsar in Iran and Germany.[citation needed] The Kaaba in Mecca is annually washed by the Iranian rose water from Qamsar[citation needed]. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In the French rose oil industry Rosa centifolia is used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
Geraniol (C10H18O)

The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and l-citronellol; and rose camphor, an odourless paraffin. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.

Rose water, made as a byproduct of rose oil production, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. The French are known for their rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the United States, this French rose syrup is used to make rose scones and marshmallows.
Rose hips

The rose hip, the fruit of some species, is used as a minor source of Vitamin C.
Rosa canina hips

Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.
Medicine

The fruits of many species have significant levels of vitamins and have been used as a food supplement (see previous section). Many roses have been used in herbal and folk medicines. Rosa chinensis has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. This and other species have been used for stomach problems, and are being investigated for controlling cancer growth.[6]
Culture

Art

Roses are a favored subject in art and therefore used in various artistic disciplines. They appear in portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements. The Luxembourg born Belgian artist and botanist Pierre-Joseph Redouté is known for his detailed watercolours of flowers, particularly roses.
Renoir's painting of cabbage roses, Roses in a vase

Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The Rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.

Other impressionists including Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne and Pierre-Auguste Renoir have paintings of roses among their works.
Symbolism
Further information: Rose (symbolism)

The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol.

MEANING OF YELLOW FLOWER

yellow

The bright, sunny color of yellow roses evokes a feeling of warmth and happiness. The warm feelings associated with the yellow rose are often akin to those shared with a true friend. As such, the yellow rose is an ideal symbol for joy and friendship. Read More – Meaning of Yellow Roses

History
t was en


Traditionally the origins of the emblem ar
History

Traditionally the origins of the emblem are said to go back to Edmund of Langley in the fourteenth century, the first Duke of York and the founder of the House of York as a Cadet branch of the then ruling House of Plantagenet.[2] The actual symbolism behind the rose has religious connotations as it represents the Virgin Mary, who was often called the Mystical Rose of Heaven.[2] The Yorkist rose is white in colour, because in Christian liturgical symbolism, white is the symbol of light, typifying innocence and purity, joy and glory.[3]

During the civil wars of the fifteenth century, the White Rose was the symbol of Yorkist forces opposed to the rival House of Lancaster, whose symbol was the Red Rose of Lancaster.[2] The opposition of the two roses gave the wars their name: the Wars of the Roses. The conflict was ended by King Henry VII of England, who symbolically united the White and Red Roses to create the Tudor Rose, symbol of the Tudor dynasty. In the late Seventeenth Century the Jacobites took up the White Rose of York as their emblem, celebrating "White Rose Day" on 10 June, the anniversary of the birth of James III and VIII in 1688.[citation needed]

At the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759, Yorkshiremen of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry's predecessor the 51st Regiment picked white roses from bushes near to the battlefields as a tribute to their fallen comrades who had died.[2] They stuck the plucked white roses in their coats as a tribute.[4] Yorkshire Day is held on this date each year.[2]
[edit] Symbol

The Yorkist rose is used in the seal of the City of York, Pennsylvania, which is known as the White Rose City.

York's minor league baseball team that played in different leauges for several decades was called the York White Roses.
[edit] See also



* Wars of the Roses
* Red Rose of Lancaster
* Tudor Rose
* White boar

e said to go back to Edmund of Langley in the fourteenth century, the first Duke of York and the founder of the House of York as a Cadet branch of the then ruling House of Plantagenet.[2] The actual symbolism behind the rose has religious connotations as it represents the Virgin Mary, who was often called the Mystical Rose of Heaven.[2] The Yorkist rose is white in colour, because in Christian liturgical symbolism, white is the symbol of light, typifying innocence and purity, joy and glory.[3]


During the civil wars of the fifteenth century, the White Rose was the symbol of Yorkist forces opposed to the rival House of Lancaster, whose symbol was the Red Rose of Lancaster.[2] The opposition of the two roses gave the wars their name: the Wars of the Roses. The conflicded by King Henry VII of England, who symbolically united the White and Red Roses to create the Tudor Rose, symbol of the Tudor dynasty. In the late Seventeenth Century the Jacobites took up the White Rose of York as their emblem, celebrating "White Rose Day" on 10 June, the anniversary of the birth of James III and VIII in 1688.[citation needed]


At the Battle of Minden on 1 August 1759, Yorkshiremen of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry's predecessor the 51st Regiment picked white roses from bushes near to the battlefields as a tribute to their fallen comrades who had died.[2] They stuck the plucked white roses in their coats as a tribute.[4] Yorkshire Day is held on this date each year.[2]

[edit] Symbol


The Yorkist rose is used in the seal of the City of York, Pennsylvania, which is known as the White Rose City.


York's minor league baseball team that played in different leauges for several decades was called the York White Roses.

[edit] See also


* Wars of the Roses

* Red Rose of Lancaster

* Tudor Rose

* White boar

Fact About The Apple Tree

Fact About The Apple Tree Apple trees have beautiful white flowers that bloom in late spring. The flowers look like tiny roses. Most of the flowers are pollinated by insects. Seeds grow in the ovary of a pollinated flower. Therefore, some apple growers prefer to place beehives of honeybees in the apple orchards in spring. The ovary and other parts of the flower develop into a fruit. The time taken for ripening into a fruit is greatly varied, depending upon the variety of the apple. While some varieties take only sixty days after pollination to ripen, some others take up to two hundred days. The apple tree belong to the rose family. Most apple trees are grown from buds cut from a healthy tree and grafted. The trees thrive in climates that have a cold winter. They grow to a height of more than forty feet.

Apple trees are usually planted in rows, spaced between twenty and thirty feet. Such spacing allows the growers to spray and cultivate the apple orchards and to harvest the fruit. The trees begin to bear fruits within three to ten years, again depending upon the variety and other factors such as the climate of the region. The trees can bear fruits for up to a hundred years. However, most growers replace the trees in the orchards every forty or fifty years. Apple Variety There are thousands of varieties of apple fruits. They are varied in color, taste and texture. The color of the skin is usually, green, yellow or any shade of red. About sixty per cent of the apples produced in the world mainly includes three varieties - Delicious, Golden Delicious and McIntosh. Delicious apple variety is dark red in color, with stripes in darker red. It is medium or large in size, oval shaped and has five knobs on the bottom. Firm and crisp, it also tastes very sweet. The McIntosh apple fruit is a cousin that is also bright red in color and sized medium. Its taste, however, varies from being sweet to mildly acidic. It comes in two shapes - oval and round. Golden Delicious Apple variety is of course, golden yellow in color. It has firm juicy flesh that is sweet. Its size is generally varied, from small to large. Some interesting names of other apple varieties include Cortland (a dark red apple with red stripes), Cox's orange pippin, Granny Smith, Jonathan, Rhode Island Greening, Rome beauty and Winesap. We hope you found these facts about the apple fruit and the apple tree interesting.

birds

Birds of America (book)

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ca
Author	John James Audubon
Original title	The Birds of America; from original drawings by John James Audubon[1]
Illustrator	John James Audubon
Country	United Kingdom
Subject(s)	Birds — North America; Birds — pictorial works[1]
Publication date	1827 - 1838
LC Classification	QL674 .A9 1827[1]

The Birds of America is a book by naturalist and painter John James Audubon, containing illustrations of a wide variety of birds of the United States. It was first published as a series of sections between 1827 and 1838, in Edinburgh and London.
The work consists of hand-coloured, life-size prints, made from engraved plates, measuring around 39 by 26 inches (99 by 66 cm). It includes images of six now-extinct birds: Carolina Parakeet, Passenger Pigeon, Labrador Duck, Great Auk, Esquimaux Curlew, and Pinnated Grouse.^[2]

Contents

[hide]

• 1 Early publication history
• 2 Public exhibition
• 3 Recent sales
• 4 Gallery
• 5 References
• 6 External links